Research Article | Open Access

Phenomenology of Retaliating to Workplace Ostracism in Academia

    Tehreem Fatima

    The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Ahmad Raza Bilal

    Sohar University, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman

    Muhammad Kashif Imran

    The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan


Received
10 May, 2015
Accepted
20 Jun, 2020
Published
30 Jun, 2020

The present qualitative inquiry sheds light on the psychological ramifications and behavioral responses of workplace ostracism in Higher Educational Institutes of Pakistan. The data was collected from 20 ostracized teaching faculty members from public and private sector universities through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematic analysis was carried out by NVIVO 11 Plus software. This was supplemented by content analysis to find the strength of each theme in the form of relative frequencies. The findings revealed three major themes; (1) psychological ramifications manifested in threatened needs and negative emotional reactions, (2) behavioral responses (pro-social, antisocial, and avoidant), (3) the underlying causes of diverse behavioral responses. It was found that negative psychological impacts of ostracism were inevitable, but behavioral responses were primarily pro-social due to ostracized faculty’s futureorientation, high importance of maintaining relationships, absence of alternative relations, less exposure to ostracism, and reinclusion expectations.

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APA-7 Style
Fatima, T., Bilal, A.R., Imran, M.K. (2020). Phenomenology of Retaliating to Workplace Ostracism in Academia. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 35(2), 313-335. https://doi.org/10.33824/PJPR.2020.35.2.17

ACS Style
Fatima, T.; Bilal, A.R.; Imran, M.K. Phenomenology of Retaliating to Workplace Ostracism in Academia. Pak. J. Psychol. Res 2020, 35, 313-335. https://doi.org/10.33824/PJPR.2020.35.2.17

AMA Style
Fatima T, Bilal AR, Imran MK. Phenomenology of Retaliating to Workplace Ostracism in Academia. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research. 2020; 35(2): 313-335. https://doi.org/10.33824/PJPR.2020.35.2.17

Chicago/Turabian Style
Fatima, Tehreem, Ahmad Raza Bilal, and Muhammad Kashif Imran. 2020. "Phenomenology of Retaliating to Workplace Ostracism in Academia" Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 35, no. 2: 313-335. https://doi.org/10.33824/PJPR.2020.35.2.17