Development and Validation of the Forman Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (FASDS) in Pakistan

The present study aimed to develop an indigenous scale in the Urdu language for the assessment of autism spectrum disorder in Pakistan. There is a lack of availability of indigenous tools for the assessment of autism in Pakistan. An 18-items parent/caregiver rating scale, the Forman Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale was established following a 5-steps mixed-method model of scale development and validation analysis. The scale was administered on a sample of N=216 parents/caregivers of the children (both males and females) already diagnosed with autism of the age of 2 years or older (M = 6.75 years, SD = 3.60). The sample was collected through an online Google form from the different cities of Pakistan. Data analysis was done on SPSS version 23. Exploratory factor analysis suggested a 3-factors solution and these factors were named Restricted Behaviors, Socialization, and Sensitivity. The psychometric properties of the scale were established as well. The Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was high (a =0.85). The scale was found to have good reliability and validity as well. The implications and further suggestions related to the scale are discussed. The total score on the Forman Autism Spectrum Disorder Scale (FASDS) can range from 18 to 90 with scores indicating levels of severity of symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders. This scale is a culture-specific screening measure appropriate for use in Pakistan.