Research Article | Open Access

Self-Esteem of Minority Children: A Study of the Pakistanis in Scotland

    Ruhi Khalid

    Applied Psychology Department, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan


The study explored the consequences of minority status for Pakistani children's self-esteem by comparing their level of self-esteem with that of indigenous (Scottish) children. 160 children (80 Pakistani minority and 80 indigenous) aged 10-11 years participated in the study. The level of self-esteem of the children was assessed by the Piers-Harris Short Form and Semantic Differential Scale. The results indicate that the minority status of the Pakistani community in Scotland do not have negative consequences for the children's self-esteem and that the Pakistani minority and indigenous children have similar levels of self-esteem. Theoretical implications of the findings have been discussed.

How to Cite this paper?


APA-7 Style
Khalid, R. (1988). Self-Esteem of Minority Children: A Study of the Pakistanis in Scotland. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 3(1-2), 23-32. https://pjpr.scione.com/cms/abstract.php?id=612

ACS Style
Khalid, R. Self-Esteem of Minority Children: A Study of the Pakistanis in Scotland. Pak. J. Psychol. Res 1988, 3, 23-32. https://pjpr.scione.com/cms/abstract.php?id=612

AMA Style
Khalid R. Self-Esteem of Minority Children: A Study of the Pakistanis in Scotland. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research. 1988; 3(1-2): 23-32. https://pjpr.scione.com/cms/abstract.php?id=612

Chicago/Turabian Style
Khalid, Ruhi. 1988. "Self-Esteem of Minority Children: A Study of the Pakistanis in Scotland" Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 3, no. 1-2: 23-32. https://pjpr.scione.com/cms/abstract.php?id=612